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ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืฉ ื•ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœืฉ



ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื”ืื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™

ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื ืฉืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ืกื™ื™ืžืชื™ ืœืคืชื— ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื™ื” ืœื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืฉื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืœืชืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื•ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืฆืžื— ื•ืฆืžื—, ื•ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ื’ื "ืœืจื“ืช ืœืจื–ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื”" ืฉืœ ืกื•ื’, ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืชืช ืžื™ืŸ? ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉืชืขื ื•. ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”: ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืจืฆื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื•ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืื™ืฉ ืขืฉื™ืจ (ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ืฉืจ ื–ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืกื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืฃ ืžื™ื™ื ื“, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืœื™ืžื“ ืื•ืชื™ ืื—ืžื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื).

ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ื›ื–ืืช, ื•ืื™ื ื›ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืื•ืชื” ืœืกืžืืจื˜ืคื•ืŸ. ื”ื™ื ื˜ื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ืื ื˜ื•ืžื™ื” ื”ืžื•ืคืœืื” ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืคื›ื, ื•ืœื™ืชืจ ื“ื™ื•ืง, ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื. ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื” ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ื˜ืขื. ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ื˜ืขื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžืฉ ืืชื›ื ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืฆืžื—ื™ื, ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื, ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืื›ืŸ ืžืฉืจืช ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœืžื˜ืจื” ื–ื•, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ืœื•ื’ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ - ื›ืฉื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกืชื™ ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืžืฆืœื™ื‘ื™ื.

ื”ืžืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืงื™ื™ื. ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืขืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื˜ืขืžื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื˜ืขืžื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื, ืžืœื•ื—, ืžืชื•ืง, ื—ืžื•ืฅ ื•ืื•ืžืžื™ ืžื•ืคืงื“ ืงื•ืœื˜ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืœื›ืœ ื˜ืขื - ื”ืจื™ ืฉืขืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื˜ืขื ืžืจื™ืจ ืžื•ืคืงื“ื™ื ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืž-25 ืงื•ืœื˜ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื, ืฉื•ื‘, ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช: ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ื "ื”ืฉื•ืขืจ" ื”ืžื•ืคืงื“ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืขืจ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื“ืจื›ื• ื—ื•ื“ืจื™ื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื’ื•ืคื ื•. ื‘ืขื–ืจืชื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืžื” ืœื‘ืœื•ืข ื•ืžื” ืœื™ืจื•ืง, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื ืžื ืขื™ื ืžืื›ื™ืœืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื–ื™ืง ืœื ื•. ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืžืจื™ื - ื™ืฉ ืžืื•ืช ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืื•ืชื - ื•ื“ืงื•ืช ื”ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืžื“ื™ ื›ืืŸ, ืœื ืจืง ืœืฉื ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืœืฉื ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืžืฉ ืœืจื™ืคื•ื™ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.

ืžืฉืขื” ืฉื‘ืœืขื ื• ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืžื• ืžืจ - ื ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื ื• ืœืคืขื•ืœื” ื ืžืจืฆืช: ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ืคืจื™ืกื˜ืœื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขื™ ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช, ืžื™ืฆื™ ืžืจื” ื•ืชืžื™ืกื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžืงื•ืจืŸ ื‘ื›ื‘ื“ ืžื•ืคืจืฉื•ืช ืืœ ื”ืชืจื™ืกืจื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ืชื™ืื‘ื•ืŸ ืžืชื’ื‘ืจ - ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืงืœื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื, ื‘ืขืœื™ ืชื›ื•ืœืช ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืื• ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, ื›ืžื• ื‘ืฉืจ, ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืขื•ื“.

ื”ืื“ื ื”ืงื“ืžื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ืžืจ

ื”ืžืจ ื”ื•ื ื˜ืขื ื—ืฉื•ื‘. ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื”. ืืฃ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืจืื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฆืงื•ืช ืœื›ืš, ืื ื™ ืžืจืฉื” ืœืขืฆืžื™ ืœืฉืขืจ ืฉืกืขื•ื“ืช ื—ื’ ืงื“ื•ืžื” ื”ืชื‘ืกืกื” ืœื ืื—ืช ืขืœ ืขืœื™ื ืžืจื™ืจื™ื ืžื”ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื’ืฉื• ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืืจื•ื—ื”, ื•ืžื ืช ื‘ืฉืจ ืฉื”ื•ื’ืฉื” ื‘ื”ืžืฉื›ื”. ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืš ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืงื•ืœื™ื ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช, ื”ืฉืœื•ื‘ื•ืช ื–ื• ื‘ื–ื•. ื™ื”ื ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ืžืจ. ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืจืชืขื™ื ืžืžื ื•, ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื ื’ืขืœื™ื ืžืžื ื•. ื™ืชื›ืŸ, ืฉื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ืš ื”ืŸ ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช; ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื” ืขืœ ืœื™ืงื•ื˜ ื•ืขืœ ืฆื™ื“, ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืœืคืชื— ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืชืจืื”, ืฉื™ื’ื ื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฆืžื—ื™ื ืจืขื™ืœื™ื, ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื "ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื" ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืžืจื™ืจื™ื ืœื˜ื•ืจืคื™ื”ื, ื›ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ืชืจืื”. ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื–ื•, ืงื•ืœื˜ื ื™ ื˜ืขื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉื T2R, ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ืžืจ, ื”ื ื ื•ืฉื ืœืžื—ืงืจ ืžืงื™ืฃ ื”ื ืขืจืš ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื, ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื, ืžืคืชื™ืขื™ื. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื ื™ื’ืข ื‘ื”ื. ืžื” ืฉื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ, ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ืื“ื ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืกืฃ ืืช ืžื–ื•ื ื• ืžื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ื”ื•ื ื ื”ื’ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื’ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืขืจื‘ื™ื ืœื—ื›ื•, ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื ื” ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช (ื•ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ) ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืœืฆืจื•ืš ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืชืจื•ื ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื• - ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉืœื ื• - ื•ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื’ื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ื.

ื‘ืžืจื•ืฆืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื–ื ื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ืขื“ืคื•ืช ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ืฉื›ื ืจืื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืช ื”ืขืชื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื•ื“ืจืฉื• ืœ"ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ" ืžื•ื ื—ื” ืžืœืžืขืœื”. ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืคืกื— ืฉืžื ื• ื‘ืฆื“ ืœืขืจื‘ ื—ื’ื™ื’ื™ ืื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืจื’ืœื™ ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืœืงืœื™ื ืฉืกื™ื’ืœื ื• ืœืขืฆืžื ื•, ื•ื—ื–ืจื ื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืžืจ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืชืจื’ืœื ื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืชื•ืง ืื• ืžืœื•ื—.

ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ื˜ืขืžื™ื ื”ืžืจื™ืจื™ื ืœื ื™ืฆืื• ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื’ื ืžื”ืชืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ - ื”ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ "ืžืชืงืฉื˜ื™ื" ื‘ื˜ืขืžื™ื ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื ืฉืžืจื›ื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื. ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ืชื™ื ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืงืคื” (ืื‘ืœ ืžืžืชื™ืงื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืกื•ื›ืจ ื•ืžืงืจื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื—ืœื‘), ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืงืงืื• (ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ืกื•ื›ืจ ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื’ื ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื—ืœื‘ ื›ืืœื” ืื• ืื—ืจื™ื), ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ื ืงื•ืœื”, ืชื”, ื‘ื™ืจื” ื•ื™ื™ืŸ - ื›ืœ ืืœื” ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื’ืขื’ื•ืข ืขืžื•ืง ืœืžืจ ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื•ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™, ืฉืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืื™ื ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืชืคืงื“ ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื•. ืœื ืื’ื–ื™ื ืื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื”ืชืžื›ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ืœืงืคื” ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืื•ืชื• ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื‘ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืžืจื™ืจื•ืช.

ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืกื“ืจ

ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ืžืจ, ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืขืœื™ื ื”ืžืจื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืฉื‘ื™ ื”ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื‘ืฉื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ืืจืฆื ื• ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœื” ื”ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ืขืœ ืื›ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืจื•ืจื™ื ื ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื•ืช ืœืฆื“ ืื›ื™ืœืช ืžืฆื•ืช ื•ื‘ืฉืจ ืฆืœื•ื™: "ื•ึฐืึธื›ึฐืœึฅื•ึผ ืึถืชึพื”ึทื‘ึธึผืฉึธื‚ึ–ืจ ื‘ึทึผืœึทึผึฃื™ึฐืœึธื” ื”ึทื–ึถึผึ‘ื” ืฆึฐืœึดื™ึพืึตึฃืฉื ื•ึผืžึทืฆึผึ”ื•ึนืช ืขึทืœึพืžึฐืจึนืจึดึ–ื™ื ื™ึนืื›ึฐืœึปึฝื”ื•ึผืƒ" (ืฉืžื•ืช, ื™ื‘, ื—). ืžืฆืจืคืช ืžื•ื›ืจ ืœื ื• ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืงื•ืœื™ื ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืฉืช ื›ื•ืก ื™ื™ืŸ ืื“ื•ื ืœืฆื“ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ. ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืื“ื•ื, ื›ืžื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืจื™ืจื™ื, ืžื•ืคื™ืข ืžืงื‘ืฅ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืžืจื™ืจื™ื, ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืคืœื‘ื ื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืคื ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.

ืžืื– ื™ืžื™ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืขืœ ืฆืœื—ืช ื”ืกื“ืจ ืขืœื™ื ืžืจื™ืจื™ื ื˜ืจื™ื™ื, ื•ืื ื• ืžืฆื•ื•ื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžื”ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช "ื›ื–ื™ืช". ืกื™ืคืจื• ืœื ื• ืฉื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื ืขื•ืฆื” ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื ื ื•:

ืžึธืจื•ึนืจ ื–ึถื” ืฉึถืืึธื ื•ึผ ืื•ึนื›ึฐืœึดื™ื, ืขึทืœ ืฉืื•ึผื ืžื”? ืขึทืœ ืฉืื•ึผื ืฉึถืืžึตึผืจึฐืจื•ึผ ื”ึทืžึดึผืฆึฐืจึดื™ื ืึถืช ื—ึทื™ึตื™ ืึฒื‘ื•ึนืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื‘ึฐึผืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื, ืฉึถืื ึถึผืึฑืžึทืจ: "ื•ึทื™ึฐืžึธืจึฒืจื•ึผ ืึถืช ื—ึทื™ึตึผื™ื”ึถื ื‘ึทึผืขึฒื‘ึนื“ึธื” ืงึธืฉึธื”, ื‘ึฐึผื—ึนืžึถืจ ื•ึผื‘ึดืœึฐื‘ึตื ึดื™ื, ื•ึผื‘ึฐื›ึธืœ ืขึฒื‘ึนื“ึธื” ื‘ึทึผืฉึธึผื‚ื“ึถื”, ืึถืช ื›ึธึผืœ ืขึฒื‘ึนื“ึธืชึธื ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืขึธื‘ึฐื“ื•ึผ ื‘ึธื”ึถื ื‘ึฐึผืคึธืจึถืšึฐ"

(ืฉืžื•ืช ื ื™ื“).

ื—ื–"ืœ ืืฃ ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ื•ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจื• ืœื ื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืœื• ืžื™ื ื™ ืขืœื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ, ื•ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืื›ืœื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืืช ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื ื•:


"ื•ึฐืึตืœึผื•ึผ ื™ึฐืจึธืงื•ึนืช ืฉึถืืึธื“ึธื ื™ื•ึนืฆึตื ื‘ึธื”ึถืŸ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ื—ื•ึนื‘ึธืชื•ึน ื‘ึทืคึถึผืกึทื—: ื‘ึทึผื—ึฒื–ึถืจึถืช ื•ึผื‘ึธืขึปืœึฐืฉึดืื™ืŸ ื•ึผื‘ึทืชึทึผืžึฐื›ึธื ื•ึผื‘ึทื—ึทืจึฐื—ึฒื‘ึดื™ื ึธื ื•ึผื‘ึทืžึธึผืจื•ึนืจ. ื™ื•ึนืฆึฐืึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึธึผื”ึถืŸ ื‘ึตึผื™ืŸ ืœึทื—ึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึตึผื™ืŸ ื™ึฐื‘ึตืฉึดืื™ืŸ, ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ืœึนื ื›ึฐื‘ื•ึผืฉึดืื™ืŸ ื•ึฐืœึนื ืฉึฐืืœื•ึผืงึดื™ืŸ ื•ึฐืœึนื ืžึฐื‘ึปืฉึธึผืืœึดื™ืŸ. ื•ึผืžึดืฆึฐื˜ึธืจึฐืคึดื™ืŸ ืœึฐื›ึทื–ึทึผื™ึดืช. ื•ึฐื™ื•ึนืฆึฐืึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึทึผืงึถึผืœึทื— ืฉึถืืœึธึผื”ึถืŸ, ื•ึผื‘ึทื“ึฐึผืžึทืื™, ื•ึผื‘ึฐืžึทืขึฒืฉึตื‚ืจ ืจึดืืฉืื•ึนืŸ ืฉึถืื ึดึผื˜ึฐึผืœึธื” ืชึฐืจื•ึผืžึธืชื•ึน, ื•ึผื‘ึฐืžึทืขึฒืฉึตื‚ืจ ืฉึตืื ึดื™ ื•ึฐื”ึถืงึฐื“ึตึผืฉื ืฉึถืื ึดึผืคึฐื“ึผื•ึผ:"

(ืคืกื—ื™ื ื‘, ื•).

ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ: ืœื ื–ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉืขืœื™ื›ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžื”ืขืœื™ื ื”ืžืจื™ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• (ื›ื•ืœื, ืื’ื‘, ืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจ), ืืœื ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคื™ื™ื ืฉืžืขืงืจื™ื, ื•ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืขืœื™ื ื”ืžืจื™ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื›ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื: ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ืื• ืžื™ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื - ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉื•ื ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ืœืื—ืจ ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ, ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืื• ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื” - ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืžื”ืขืœื” ืืช ืžืจื™ืจื•ืชื• ื•ืžื•ืชื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืชืคืœ.

ื–ื›ืจ ืœื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื (ื•ืœืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื)

ื‘ืขื•ืœืฉ, ื‘ื—ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื”, ื‘ืžืจื•ืจ ื•ื‘ื—ืกื”, ื”ื ื–ื›ืจื™ื ื›ืฆืžื—ื™ ื”ืžืจื•ืจ ื‘ืฆืœื—ืช ื”ืกื“ืจ - ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืจื•ืช ื˜ืขื ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืคืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืคื ื•ืœื™ื•ืช. ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ื•ืžืฆื” ื”ืงืคืื™ืช ืขืœ ื ื’ื–ืจื•ืชื™ื” ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืžืฆื” ื”ืงืคืื™ืช ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืคืจืžืฆื‘ื˜ื™ ื”ืขื“ื›ื ื™, ื•ืžื™ื•ื—ืกื•ืช ืœื” ืžืกืคืจ ืกื’ื•ืœื•ืช ืžืจืคื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืชื•ื›ืŸ:

  • ื ื™ืงื•ื™ ื”ื›ื‘ื“ ื•ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืคืขื•ืœืชื•.

  • ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ืชื™ืื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืืจื•ื—ื” ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืฉื•ื‘ืข ืœืื—ืจ ื–ืžืŸ.

  • ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ.

  • ืื ื˜ื™ืื•ืงืกื™ื“ื ื˜ื™ืช.

  • ืžืฉืจื” ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืื ื˜ื™ ืกืคื˜ื™ืช ืจื—ื‘ื”: ืื ื˜ื™-ื•ื™ืจืืœื™ืช , ืื ื˜ื™-ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ืชื™ืช ื•ืื ื˜ื™ ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ืืœื™ืช.

ืืฆืœ ืงืจื™ืกืคื™ืœ, ืฉืขืจืš ืืช ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-80 ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืขืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืจื™ืจื™ื ืืฆืœ ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื ืขืจื‘ื™ื, ื’ื ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉื™ื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.

ืœืฆื“ ื›ืœ ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื ื–ื›ืจื•ืช ื›ืืŸ, ืจืื•ื™ื™ื” ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืกื’ื•ืœื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืฆื” ื”ืงืคืื™ืช, ื”ื ื—ืงืจืช ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืฉืืช ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, ื•ืงืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืื—ืจ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ. ืžื™ื“ ื ื™ื’ืข ื‘ื›ืš, ืื‘ืœ ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ, ืืชื ื—ืชื ืงื•ืžื™ืช:

ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื

ื›ื–ื›ื•ืจ, ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื”ืคืกื— ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืกืคืจ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืจืง: ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฆื•ื•ื™ื ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ืฉืขืฉื• ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ืœืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืืช ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื” ืœื ื• ืขืžืœืง, ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืื”, ืืช ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืืช ื”ืคื•ื’ืจื•ืžื™ื ื•ืืช ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ืกืคืจื“. ื›ืœ ื”ืกืœื˜ ื”ื–ื” ืœื ืžืชืขื›ืœ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื˜ื•ื‘, ื•ื’ื ืงืฉื” ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืžื” ืงื“ื ืœืžื”. ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื›ืฉืžื ืกื™ื ืœืขืจื‘ื‘ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื›ืœื™ื, ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื”ื ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ืื—ื“ - ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืจืช ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืœื ืื—ื™ื“ื”, ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืืช ืกื“ืจ ืคืกื— ืœืกื™ื•ื˜ ืžืชืžืฉืš, ืฉื ืืžืจ - ื›ืœ ื”ืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžืกื•ื‘ืš. ืฆืžื“ ื”ืงื•ืžื™ืงืื™ื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™-ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ Good for the Jews ื ื™ืกื— ืืช ื”ื‘ืœืื’ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืžื ื™.

ื–ื” ืงื•ืจืข, ืฆืคื•:


ื›ื‘ืจ ืขืžื“ื ื• ืขืœ ืชืจื•ืžืชื ืฉืœ ืขืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืžืจื•ืจ ืœืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ื™ืขื™ืœ ื•ืžื”ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื– ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืคืจื’ืŸ ืœื”ื ื’ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื•. ืœื—ื•ืžืฆื” ื”ืงืคืื™ืช ื•ืœื ื’ื–ืจื•ืชื™ื” ื™ืฉ ืชืจื•ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ. ื‘ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืคืจืกืžื• ื‘ืขืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื ืžืฆื ืฉืœื—ื•ืžืฆื” ื”ืงืคืื™ืช ื™ืฉ ืชืจื•ืžื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื•ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื“ืžื ืฆื™ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืœื“ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ื’ื ื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืคื’ื™ืขื”. ื›ืขืช ื ื‘ื“ืงืช ื”ืฉืคืขืชื” ืขืœ ื—ื•ืœื™ ืืœืฆื”ื™ื™ืžืจ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืœื”.

ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœืช ื”ืืœืฆื”ื™ื™ืžืจ ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ืžืชื— ืจื‘ ื•ื‘ื—ืจื“ื•ืช. ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื›ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื ืจืงื•ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉื”ื• ืืช ืคืขื•ืœืชื ืฉืœ ืกืžื™ื ืื•ืคื™ืื˜ื™ื™ื (ืืš ืื™ื ื ืžืžื›ืจื™ื ื›ืžื•ืชื) ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืœืงื˜ื•ืงืจื™ื•ื - ื”ืฉืจืฃ ื”ื—ืœื‘ื™ ื”ืœื‘ืŸ ื•ื”ืžืจื™ืจ ืฉืžื•ืคืจืฉ ืžืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ืกื”.

ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืžื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื ืžืจืชืงืช: ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื ื›ืžื” ื—ื–"ืœื ื™ืงื™ื ื ื—ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืœืคื ื™ ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืชื•ื”ื™ื ืืœื• ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื™ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืœื›ืืœื” ืฉืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืื›ื™ืœืช ืžืจื•ืจ, ื•ื”ืœื•ื ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืขืœื™ื ืžืจื™ืจื™ื ืื›ื™ืœื™ื - ืœืžื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืืœื”?

ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ. ื›ืœ ื˜ืขื ื•ืืจื•ืžื” ืžืขืœื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ื• ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื - ื—ืœืงื ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ื•ื—ืœืงื ืงืžืื™ื™ื - ื›ืืœื” ืฉื˜ื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืฉืœื ื• ืžื“ื•ืจื™ ื“ื•ืจื•ืช. ื”ืžืจื•ืจ - ืœื ื–ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื‘ื ื• ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืืœื•, ืืœื ื”ื•ื ืืฃ ืžืฉืคืจ ืคืœืื™ื ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ.

ื›ืš ืื• ื›ืš - ืชื–ื›ืจื• ืืช ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘: ืื›ื™ืœืช ืขืœื™ื ืžืจื™ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ ืžืฉืคืจืช ืืช ื”ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ, ืชื•ืจืžืช ืœืขื™ื›ื•ืœ, ืžืคื—ื™ืชื” ืžืชื—ื™ื, ื•ื’ื ืชื•ืจืžืช ืœื“ื™ืื˜ื”. ืขืกืงื” ืฉื•ื”, ืœื?

ืฆืžื—ื™ ื”ืžืจื•ืจ - ื”ื›ืจื•ืช

ื”ื ื” ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื”ืžืจื™ืจื™ื ื”ื ื–ื›ืจื™ื ื›ืžื•ืชืจื™ื ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžืจื•ืจ:

ื—ืกื” Lactuca

ื”ื—ืกื” ื ื–ื›ืจืช ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืฉื "ื—ื–ืจืช". ืœืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ืœื ื• ืžื™ืžื™ื ื• ืื ื• ืื™ืŸ ืงืฉืจ, ืืคื•ื, ืœื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืžืงืจืื™ืช. ื‘ืืจืฅ ื’ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื” ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ืกื”. ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื ื—ืกืช ื”ืžืฆืคืŸ (Lactuca serriola ) ื•ื—ืกื” ื›ื—ื•ืœืช ืคืจื—ื™ื (Lactuca tuberosa). ืœื—ืกืช ื”ืžืฆืคืŸ ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขื•ืจืง ื”ืžืขื•ื˜ืจ ื‘ืฉื•ืจืช ื–ื™ืคื™ื ืงื•ืฆื ื™ื™ื ืฉืฆื‘ืขื ื—ื•ื ืื“ืžื“ื. ื”ื—ืกื” ื›ื—ื•ืœืช ื”ืคืจื—ื™ื, ืฉื’ื“ืœื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฉื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืคืก ืฉืขืจื•ืช ื›ื–ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื—ืœื‘ ืœื‘ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื’ืจ ืžืขื•ืจืงื™ื” ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืงื•ื˜ืžื™ื ืื•ืชื. ื”ื—ืœื‘ ื”ืœื‘ืŸ ืžืฆื”ื™ื‘, ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืžืชื›ื”ื”, ืขื ื—ืฉื™ืคืชื• ืœื—ืžืฆืŸ ืฉื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ. ืกื™ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื›ืจ ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ื–ื” ื’ื ืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ื”ืื ื˜ื™-ืื•ืงืกื™ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื”ืขืฆื•ื ื”ืžืจื•ื›ื– ื‘ืฉืจืฃ ืฉืœื”.


ืขื•ืœืฉ ืžืฆื•ื™ Cichorium pumilum

ืฆืžื— ื—ื“ ืื• ื“ื•-ืฉื ืชื™ ืžืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื. ื‘ืขืœ ืกื’ื•ืœื•ืช ืžืจืคื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ื— ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™. ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ "ืคื•ืจืฉ" ื”ืขื•ืœืฉ ืฉื•ืฉื ืช ืขืœื™ื ืจื—ื‘ื”. ืœืขืœื™ื ืฆื•ืจืช ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืืจื•ื›ื” ื•ื”ืขื•ืจืง ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื‘ืฆื“ื ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื ืžื›ื•ืกื” ืคืก ื“ืงื™ืง ืฉืœ ืฉืขืจื•ืช ื–ื™ืคื ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื ืงืœื•ืช. ืขื ืคืจื•ืฅ ื”ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืžืฆืžื™ื— ื”ืขื•ืœืฉ ื’ื‘ืขื•ืœื™ ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื”ืžืกืชืขืคื™ื ื‘ื–ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ื•ืช. ื‘ืงืฆื” ื›ืœ ื”ืกืชืขืคื•ืช ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื”ืคืจื—ื™ื ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืคื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœืฉ. ื”ื–ืŸ ื”ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืœื™ืงื•ื˜ ื”ืขื•ืœืฉ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืฉื•ืฉื ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื - ืื– ื”ืขืœื™ื ืขื•ื“ื ืจื›ื™ื ื•ืขืกื™ืกื™ื™ื. ื˜ืขืžื ืฉืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื ืžืจื™ืจ, ืืš ื”ืžืจื™ืจื•ืช ืžืชืขื“ื ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืขืœื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืš ืงื˜ื ื” ืžืจื™ืจื•ืชื.


ื—ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžื›ื—ื™ืœื” Eryngium creticum

ืฆืžื— ื“ื• ืฉื ืชื™ ืžืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ืกื•ื›ื›ื™ื™ื. ื˜ืขืžื• ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื’ื–ืจ ืžืจื™ืจ ื•ืกืœืจื™. ืืช ื”ื—ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ืžื›ื—ื™ืœื” ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ืงื•ืฅ ืงื™ืฆื™ ื›ื—ืœื—ืœ ืฉืฆื•ืžื— ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฉ ื”ื™ื ืชื™ื›ื•ื ื™. ืงื•ืฅ ื–ื” ืžืชืคืชื— ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืžืฉื•ืฉื ืช ืขืœื™ื ื™ืคื™ืคื™ื™ื” ืฉืœืขืœื™ื” ื˜ืขื ื—ืจื™ืฃ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™.

ื”ื—ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืœืื—ื“ ืžืฆืžื—ื™ ื”ืžืจื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืฆืœื—ืช ื”ืกื“ืจ ื‘ืคืกื—. ื”ืขืœื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฆืžื•ื“ื™ื ืœืงืจืงืข ื•ื”ื ืžืื“ ืจื›ื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ืงื•ืฆื ื™ื•ืช. ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืชืคืจื—ืช ื›ื—ื•ืœ ืกื’ื•ืœ ื•ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืœื• ืงื•ืฆื ื™. ื‘ืจืคื•ืื” ื”ืขืžืžื™ืช ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ืจื—ืจื‘ื™ื ื” (ืขืœื”, ื–ืจืข, ืฉื•ืจืฉ) ืœืจื™ืคื•ื™ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื•ืคื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ, ื‘ืขื•ืจ, ื‘ื›ื™ืก ื”ืžืจื”, ืœื”ืกืจืช ืชื‘ืœื•ืœ ื‘ืขื™ืŸ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื’ื“ ืกื•ื›ืจืช, ื•ืืฃ ื ื’ื“ ืขืงื™ืฆืช ืขืงืจื‘ ื•ื”ืจืขืœื•ืช.

ืžืจื•ืจ ื”ื’ื™ื ื•ืช Sonchus oleraceus

ืฆืžื— ื—ื“ ืฉื ืชื™ ืžืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื. ืขืœื™ื• ื ืื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืชื ื›ืฉื”ื ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืžื• ื”ืžืื™ื™ื - ื˜ืขืžื ืฉืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื ืžืชืงืชืง, ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืžืจื™ืจื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื ื” ืœืžื“ื™. ืœืžืœืงื˜ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื™ืฉ ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืžื•ื–ืจื” ืœื‘ืœื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื–ื ื‘ ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ - ืฉื˜ืขืžื• ื“ื•ื—ื”. ื”ื ื” ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื:

ืžืชื›ื•ื ื™ื:

#1 ืขื•ืœืฉ ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืš

ื•ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ื‘ืœื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื ื™ื. ื”ื ื” ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืœื™ืœื” ื—ื™ืื“ืจื™. ืœื™ืœื”, ื’ื ื ืช ืžืกื›ื ื™ืŸ, ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืฆืœื™ ืœื™ืงื•ื˜ ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ื” ื‘ืงื•ืจืก ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื˜ ื”ืฉื ืชื™ ืฉืœื™. ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืžื ื”. ืืžื ื, ืื ื ืœืš ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืฉืฆื™ื˜ื˜ืชื™ ื›ืืŸ, ื”ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ื”ื–ื” ืœื ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืืชื›ื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื” - ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœืฉ ืฉืœ ืœื™ืœื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื•ืœืฉ ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ืขื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.


ืžืฆืจื›ื™ื:

1 ืงื’ ืขืœื™ ืขื•ืœืฉ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื™ื

ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื‘ืฆืœื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ืงืœื•ืคื™ื ื•ืงืฆื•ืฆื™ื

ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช

ืคืœืคืœ

ืžืœื—

ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื”ื›ื ื”:

ืžืจืชื™ื—ื™ื ืžื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ืฉื•ื˜ืคื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืืช ื”ืขืœื™ื, ืงื•ืฆืฆื™ื, ื•ืžื‘ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ื”ืจื•ืชื—ื™ื ื›ืขืฉืจ ื“ืงื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืžืจื™ืจื•ืช. ืžืกื ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืœื™ื, ืกื•ื—ื˜ื™ื ื•ืžื™ื™ื‘ืฉื™ื.

ืžื•ื–ื’ื™ื ื›ืžื•ืช ื ื“ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช ืœืžื—ื‘ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ืžื ื™ื—

ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืืฉ. ื›ืฉื”ืฉืžืŸ ื—ื, ืžื ืžื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืืฉ ื•ืžื˜ื’ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืฆืœ ืžืžื•ืฉื›ื•ืช, ืชื•ืš ืขืจื‘ื•ื‘ ืžืชืžื™ื“. ื”ื‘ืฆืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื‘ืœ ื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ื ื›ื”ื”, ื•ื˜ืขื ืžืชืงืชืง. ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ื™, ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืืช ืขืœื™ ื”ืขื•ืœืฉ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื”ืกื—ื•ื˜ื™ื, ื•ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ืžืขืœ ืœืืฉ. ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืœืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ืžื™ืฅ ืœื™ืžื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื, ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉืžื ืช ื—ืžื•ืฆื” ื•ืคื™ืชื” ื˜ืจื™ื”.

2# ืกืœื˜ ืžืขืœื™ื ืžืจื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืจืง ื”ื“ืจื™ื ืงืจ ื•ืคืœื—ื™ ืชืคื•ื–

ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื:

ืฆืจื•ืจ ืขืœื™ ืžืจื•ืจ ื”ื’ื™ื ื”

ืฆืจื•ืจ ืขืœื™ ืขื•ืœืฉ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื

ืฆืจื•ืจ ืขืœื™ ื ืขื ืข ืžืฉื•ื‘ืœืช

ืžื™ืฅ ืž-3-4 ืชืคื•ื–ื™ื ื™ืคื™ื

2 ืชืคื•ื–ื™ื/ืงืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ื•ืช ืงืœื•ืคื•ืช ื•ืžืคื•ืœื—ื•ืช ืœืคืœื—ื™ื

ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืื’ื•ื–ื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื›ื - ืงืœื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืจื™ื

ื—ืจื“ืœ ื“ื™ื–ื•ืŸ

ืกื™ืœืืŸ

ืžืœื—

ืคืœืคืœ

2-3 ืฉื™ื ื™ ืฉื•ื ื›ืชื•ืฉ

1/3 ื›ื•ืก ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช

ืฉื•ื˜ืคื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืืช ื”ืขืœื™ื, ืงื•ืฆืฆื™ื ื•ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ื‘ืงืขืจื”. ืืช ืคืœื—ื™ ื”ืคืจื™ ื—ื•ืชื›ื™ื ืœืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืœืงืขืจื” ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืื’ื•ื–ื™ื.

ืžื›ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ืžืจืง ื”ื”ื“ืจื™ื ื”ืงืจ: ืœืงื ืงืŸ/ืงืขืจื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ื™ื•ืฆืงื™ื ืืช ืžื™ืฅ ื”ืชืคื•ื–ื™ื, ื›ืฃ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื—ืจื“ืœ ื“ื™ื–'ื•ืŸ, ื›ืฃ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืกื™ืœืืŸ, ืชื‘ืœื™ื ื™ื ื•ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช. ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื•ืžืฉืคืจื™ื ื˜ืขื.

ืจื’ืข ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื”ื’ืฉื” (ืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ื‘ืžื”ืœื›ื”) โ€“ ื™ื•ืฆืงื™ื ืืช ืžืจืง ื”ื”ื“ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืกืœื˜ ื•ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘.

ื–ื”ื• ืœืขื›ืฉื™ื•,

ื‘ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื: ืคืกื— ื›ืฉืจ ื•ืฉืžื— ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืฆื...

ื‘ืื”ื‘ื”,

ื™ืชื™ืจ.

#ืขื•ืœืฉืžืฆื•ื™ #ื—ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื”ืžื›ื—ื™ืœื” #ื—ืกืชื”ืžืฆืคืŸ #ื—ืกื”ื›ื—ื•ืœืชืคืจื—ื™ื #ืžืจื•ืจื”ื’ื™ื ื•ืช #ืฆืžื—ื™ืืžืจื™ื #ืคืœื‘ื ื•ืื™ื“ื™ื #ื—ื•ืžืฆื”ืงืคืื™ืช #ืื•ื›ืœืžืงื•ืžื™ #ืืจื•ื—ื•ืชื’ื•ืจืžื”ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข #ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœื™ืฉื“ื” #ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ #ื“ื‘ืฉ #ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ #ื™ืจืงื•ืชื‘ืจ #ื™ืชื™ืจืฉื“ื” #ืœื™ืงื•ื˜ #ืžื˜ื‘ื—ืžืงื•ืžื™ #ืกื“ื ืชื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœื‘ื˜ื‘ืข #ืกื“ื ืชืœื™ืงื•ื˜ #ืกื™ื•ืจืœื™ืงื•ื˜ #ืฆืžื—ื™ื‘ืจืœืžืื›ืœ #ืงื•ืœื™ื ืจื™ #ืงื•ืจืกืœื™ืงื•ื˜ #ืงื•ืจืกืœื™ืงื•ื˜ืงื•ืœื™ื ืจื™ #ืฉืฃืœืงื˜ #ืชืจื‘ื•ืชืฆืจื™ื›ื”

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